{
  "segment": "Japan-headquartered companies building humanoid robots",
  "companies": [
    {
      "company": "Toyota Motor",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://global.toyota/",
      "humanoid_product": "T-HR3 — full-size bipedal teleoperated humanoid research platform.",
      "founded_year": 1937,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Public prototype; no humanoid shipment count stated in the cited release."
    },
    {
      "company": "Honda Motor",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://global.honda/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "Honda Avatar Robot — 1.7 m wheeled, dual-arm remote-work humanoid.",
      "founded_year": 1948,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Current avatar program uses ASIMO-derived robotics; the cited page gives no shipment count."
    },
    {
      "company": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "RHP Kaleido 9 — full-size bipedal disaster-response and industrial research humanoid.",
      "founded_year": 1878,
      "source_url": "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Ninth-generation prototype publicly shown at iREX 2025; no shipments reported in the cited article."
    },
    {
      "company": "Hitachi",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.hitachi.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "EMIEW4 — 90 cm wheeled humanoid for reception, guidance and patrol.",
      "founded_year": 1910,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Commercial service robot, but its short arms are for gesture and no general manipulation is shown."
    },
    {
      "company": "Tokyo Robotics",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://robotics.tokyo/",
      "humanoid_product": "Torobo2 — human-size wheeled dual-arm humanoid research platform with optional sensor head.",
      "founded_year": 2015,
      "source_url": "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/torobo/",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Official product page describes a 3-axis neck, optional head and omnidirectional mobile base."
    },
    {
      "company": "Kawada Robotics",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "NEXTAGE Fillie — dual-arm humanoid collaborative and research robot.",
      "founded_year": 2013,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Humanoid upper body and head are sold, but its work stand is not a powered wheeled base."
    },
    {
      "company": "THK",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.thk.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "2026 AIRoA prototype — headed, dual-arm general-purpose mobile robot.",
      "founded_year": 1971,
      "source_url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Publicly demonstrated research prototype; the cited report does not give a model name or shipment count."
    },
    {
      "company": "ugo",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://ugo.plus/",
      "humanoid_product": "ugo Nova — wheeled dual-arm semi-humanoid for general work and physical-AI research.",
      "founded_year": 2018,
      "source_url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Publicly demonstrated in 2026; ugo Pro is the earlier deployed service model."
    },
    {
      "company": "ZEALS",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://zeals.ai/",
      "humanoid_product": "D1 — compact wheeled dual-arm service humanoid for indoor sites.",
      "founded_year": 2014,
      "source_url": "https://zeals.ai/news/d1-launch-2026",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Company says hardware, OS and AI are developed in house; its 100-unit figure is a production goal, not units shipped."
    },
    {
      "company": "Highlanders",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.highlanders.ai/",
      "humanoid_product": "N — Japanese bipedal industrial humanoid mass-production prototype.",
      "founded_year": 2023,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Shown at CEATEC 2026; the cited release targets shipments in 2027, so no shipped units are established."
    },
    {
      "company": "ATOM",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://atom-humanoid.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "ATOM HUMANOID — planned dual-arm bipedal general-purpose robot.",
      "founded_year": 2025,
      "source_url": "https://atom-humanoid.com/about/",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Company states integrated hardware development, but no completed full-body prototype is confirmed on the cited page."
    },
    {
      "company": "Enactic",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://enactic.ai/",
      "humanoid_product": "Ena — dual-arm humanoid care-assistant test robot for facility chores.",
      "founded_year": 2025,
      "source_url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000008.000166268.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "A physical test unit was announced for demonstration at H.C.R. 2026; the source gives no shipped-unit count."
    },
    {
      "company": "RT Corporation",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://en.rt-net.jp/",
      "humanoid_product": "Gorilla / Bonobo — 127 cm and 120 cm bipedal dual-arm research humanoids.",
      "founded_year": 2005,
      "source_url": "https://rt-net.jp/products/gorilla/",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Bonobo is an original in-house design; Gorilla is manufactured by RT from ROBOTIS THORMANG3 resources. RT reports 100-plus humanoids developed and sold across sizes, with no model-specific count (2024 company release in sources_checked)."
    },
    {
      "company": "OryLab",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://orylab.com/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "OriHime-D — 120 cm wheeled dual-arm telepresence robot for physical service work.",
      "founded_year": 2012,
      "source_url": "https://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/en/exhibitions/spexhibition/kimirobo.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Remotely operated in work settings; the cited page does not disclose a shipped-unit count."
    },
    {
      "company": "O-ID",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://o-id.net/ja",
      "humanoid_product": "O-ID modular humanoid — head, torso, two arms and holonomic wheeled base.",
      "founded_year": null,
      "source_url": "https://o-id.net/ja",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "The public page labels specifications indicative; a completed working prototype was not verified."
    },
    {
      "company": "Man-Machine Synergy Effectors",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.jinki.jp/",
      "humanoid_product": "Zero-Type Jinki ver.2.0 — teleoperated humanoid heavy-work prototype behind a rail maintenance machine.",
      "founded_year": 2007,
      "source_url": "https://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/en/exhibitions/spexhibition/kimirobo.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Japanese name 人機一体 (Jinki Ittai); final truck-mounted machine was co-developed and manufactured by Nippon Signal, so standalone robot ownership and base form are mixed."
    },
    {
      "company": "SoftBank Robotics",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.softbankrobotics.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "Pepper+ — wheeled social humanoid for retail and care interaction.",
      "founded_year": 2014,
      "source_url": "https://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/en/exhibitions/spexhibition/kimirobo.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Pepper has two arms and a head but is communication-focused rather than a general manipulation robot; original hardware came from French Aldebaran. A Pepper-only shipped-unit count was not verified."
    },
    {
      "company": "donut robotics",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.donutrobotics.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "Cinnamon 1 — full-size bipedal humanoid carrying donut AI.",
      "founded_year": 2014,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Company explicitly says its current body is an overseas OEM platform, so in-house robot hardware design is not established."
    },
    {
      "company": "Kokoro",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://kokoro-dreams.co.jp/",
      "humanoid_product": "Actroid / Actroid DER3 — lifelike adult-size android for reception and entertainment.",
      "founded_year": 1984,
      "source_url": "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Own anthropomorphic robot with head, torso and arms, but the cited Actroid line is stationary and not general-purpose."
    },
    {
      "company": "HatsuMuv",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.hatsumuv.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "Type 08 Mobilroid — wheeled dual-arm semi-humanoid research and remote-work prototype.",
      "founded_year": 2021,
      "source_url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000011.000127494.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Publicly shown in September 2026; company says it developed the prototype with technical assistance from partners."
    },
    {
      "company": "Telexistence",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://tx-inc.com/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "2026 TX humanoid prototype — two-arm retail bagging and physical-AI research robot.",
      "founded_year": 2017,
      "source_url": "https://tx-inc.com/en/",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Company reports autonomous bagging demo; earlier Model-T is discontinued and TX SCARA is a separate single-arm product."
    },
    {
      "company": "Nachi-Fujikoshi",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.nachi-fujikoshi.co.jp/eng/",
      "humanoid_product": "2026 AIRoA prototype — dual-arm mobile manipulator for general manufacturing research.",
      "founded_year": 1928,
      "source_url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Public prototype has two arms and mobility, but a distinct head is not confirmed by the cited report."
    },
    {
      "company": "Keigan",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.keigan.co.jp/",
      "humanoid_product": "2026 AIRoA prototype — 24-axis dual-arm mobile humanoid research platform.",
      "founded_year": 2016,
      "source_url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Public 24-axis dual-arm mobile prototype, but a distinct head is not confirmed by the cited report."
    },
    {
      "company": "EmplifAI",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://emplif.ai/",
      "humanoid_product": "OpenShell — 28-axis wheeled dual-arm humanoid with expressive head.",
      "founded_year": 2024,
      "source_url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Shown in the AIRoA competition; consortium built the platform using OpenArm and TidyBot++ components."
    },
    {
      "company": "AGIRobots",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.agirobots.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "AGIRobots Worker — wheeled dual-arm semi-humanoid platform for factory and logistics Physical AI research.",
      "founded_year": 2024,
      "source_url": "https://www.agirobots.com/jp/products/worker/",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Company-designed mobile upper body; a physical unit was announced for Robot Technology Japan 2026, but no shipped-unit count is public."
    },
    {
      "company": "tmsuk",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "SEIMEI — 140 cm bipedal Japanese humanoid validation prototype for general-purpose robotics.",
      "founded_year": 2000,
      "source_url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000111.000029724.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Built and publicly shown by the KyoHA consortium with tmsuk as a developer; tmsuk is not the sole robot maker."
    },
    {
      "company": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.mhi.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "wakamaru — 100 cm wheeled dual-arm domestic communication and assistance humanoid.",
      "founded_year": 1884,
      "source_url": "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Sold for home and service use, but now retired and primarily a social interaction robot with limited manipulation."
    },
    {
      "company": "Vstone",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.vstone.co.jp/english/",
      "humanoid_product": "Robovie-R4 — 108 cm wheeled dual-arm humanoid communication research platform.",
      "founded_year": 2000,
      "source_url": "https://www.vstone.co.jp/products/robovie_r4/index.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Commercial research platform with a 3-axis head and two 4-axis arms; no public shipment count located."
    },
    {
      "company": "Fujitsu",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.fujitsu.com/global/",
      "humanoid_product": "HOAP-3 — 60 cm bipedal humanoid research platform with vision and speech functions.",
      "founded_year": 1935,
      "source_url": "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Exactly 60 cm tall, but research/education oriented and discontinued; the HOAP series shipped more than 100 units, not a HOAP-3-only count (Japanese Robotics Society archive in sources_checked)."
    },
    {
      "company": "Sony Group",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.sony.com/en/",
      "humanoid_product": "QRIO — 58 cm bipedal humanoid entertainment and robotics research prototype.",
      "founded_year": 1946,
      "source_url": "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "At 58 cm, QRIO falls under the size threshold and is discontinued; Sony showed a working prototype rather than selling it (official Sony press release in sources_checked)."
    },
    {
      "company": "ROBO-HI",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.robo-hi.jp/",
      "humanoid_product": "nuvo — 39 cm bipedal humanoid home and research robot.",
      "founded_year": 2001,
      "source_url": "https://www.robo-hi.jp/news/pressrelease_20181205",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Formerly ZMP, which sold nuvo; the 39 cm robot is below the size threshold and the company now focuses on mobile service robots."
    },
    {
      "company": "Kawada Technologies",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.kawada.jp/global/",
      "humanoid_product": "HRP-2 — full-size bipedal humanoid updated for construction-site work trials.",
      "founded_year": 2009,
      "source_url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000017.000045183.html",
      "include": "yes",
      "note": "Parent group also owns Kawada Robotics; the HRP-2 systems were refurbished and put into operational trials in 2025."
    },
    {
      "company": "Kondo Kagaku",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://kondo-robot.com/",
      "humanoid_product": "KHR-3HV — roughly 40 cm bipedal programmable humanoid kit for hobby and education.",
      "founded_year": 1964,
      "source_url": "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Under 60 cm and primarily a hobby/education kit; no larger qualifying robot was verified."
    },
    {
      "company": "FUJI SOFT",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.fsi.co.jp/e/",
      "humanoid_product": "PALRO — 40 cm bipedal conversational humanoid for care and education.",
      "founded_year": 1970,
      "source_url": "https://palro.jp/en/feature/index.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Under 60 cm and communication-focused; sales ended in 2026."
    },
    {
      "company": "Toshiba",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.global.toshiba/",
      "humanoid_product": "ChihiraJunco — lifelike receptionist android for tourist guidance.",
      "founded_year": 1875,
      "source_url": "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/news/corporate/2015/12/tp0901.html",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "The publicly deployed android gestures with arms but is stationary; no general manipulation or mobile base is shown."
    },
    {
      "company": "Flowered",
      "hq_country": "Japan",
      "website": "https://flowered.tokyo/",
      "humanoid_product": "Posy — child-size wheeled two-arm humanoid receptionist prototype.",
      "founded_year": 2001,
      "source_url": "https://www.roboticstoday.com/robots/posy",
      "include": "borderline",
      "note": "Formerly Flower Robotics; Posy was co-developed with SGI and centered on social interaction rather than general manipulation."
    }
  ],
  "sources_checked": [
    "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/19841525.html",
    "https://global.honda/en/RandD/field/hgrx/honda-multi-fingered-hand/avatar-robot.html",
    "https://www.itmedia.co.jp/aiplus/article/2512/04/1251204097/",
    "https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2020/03/0326/",
    "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/torobo/",
    "https://nextage.kawadarobot.co.jp/en",
    "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/17/news053_2.html",
    "https://zeals.ai/news/d1-launch-2026",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000010.000156831.html",
    "https://atom-humanoid.com/about/",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000008.000166268.html",
    "https://rt-net.jp/service/foodly/",
    "https://orylab.com/en/",
    "https://o-id.net/ja",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000036.000070266.html",
    "https://www.softbankrobotics.com/jp/product/pepper-plus/",
    "https://www.donutrobotics.com/en/team",
    "https://kokoro-dreams.co.jp/rt_tokutyu/actroid/",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000011.000127494.html",
    "https://tx-inc.com/en/",
    "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/history/business/robot.html",
    "https://robotics.tokyo/about-us/",
    "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/company/outline/",
    "https://corp.ugo.plus/company/",
    "https://careers.zeals.ai/en/about",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000009.000156831.html",
    "https://enactic.ai/",
    "https://rt-net.jp/company/company_info/",
    "https://www.softbankrobotics.com/jp/corp/",
    "https://kokoro-dreams.co.jp/about/about_data/",
    "https://tx-inc.com/en/about/",
    "https://www.nachi-fujikoshi.co.jp/eng/company/company.html",
    "https://www.keigan.co.jp/about-keigan",
    "https://emplif.ai/en/about",
    "https://www.hitachi.com/en/about/identity/vision/",
    "https://roboboom.com/countries/japan",
    "https://www.miraikan.jst.go.jp/en/exhibitions/spexhibition/kimirobo.html",
    "https://france-jeunes.net/tech/la-france-pays-europeen-du-robot/",
    "https://www.agirobots.com/jp/products/worker/",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000111.000029724.html",
    "https://www.mhi.com/jp/news/0810074750.html",
    "https://www.vstone.co.jp/products/robovie_r4/index.html",
    "https://robogaku.jp/en/history/business/K-2001-1.html",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000017.000045183.html",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000005.000152095.html",
    "https://www.agirobots.com/",
    "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/en/about/",
    "https://imagelinkglobal.com/products/ILEA005078810/",
    "https://www.mhi.com/company/overview/profile",
    "https://www.vstone.co.jp/company/",
    "https://www.robo-hi.jp/company",
    "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/News/Press/200312/03-060E/",
    "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/IR/faq/history.html",
    "https://www.fujitsu.com/global/imagesgig5/integratedrep2015-07.pdf",
    "https://www.softbankrobotics.com/aboutus/",
    "https://global.honda/en/about/overview.html?from=about",
    "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/history/",
    "https://www.kawada.jp/global/corporate/history/",
    "https://www.robo-hi.jp/news/pressrelease_20181205",
    "https://robogaku.jp/history/business/K-2001-1.html",
    "https://www.kawada.jp/global/corporate/overview/",
    "https://humanoidversus.com/tr/ulkeler/japonya",
    "https://rt-net.jp/products/gorilla/",
    "https://rt-net.jp/products/bonobo/",
    "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000039.000069918.html",
    "https://palro.jp/en/feature/index.html",
    "https://palro.jp/feature/spec.html",
    "https://palro.jp/info/2026/04/5751.html",
    "https://www.fsi.co.jp/company/about.html",
    "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/news/corporate/2015/12/tp0901.html",
    "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/ir/corporate/helpful-info/faq/faq-his.html",
    "https://kondo-robot.com/abouts",
    "https://kondo-robot.com/product/03070",
    "https://www.roboticstoday.com/robots/posy",
    "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/0325/sgi.htm",
    "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2609/01/news072.html"
  ]
}